Policy Post 11.15: CDT Challenges Utah Internet Censorship Law



CDT POLICY POST Volume 11, Number 15, June 9, 2005

A Briefing On Public Policy Issues Affecting Civil Liberties Online
>From The Center For Democracy And Technology

(1) Broad Group Challenges Utah Internet Censorship Law
(2) Utah Law Suffers from Constitutional Defects and Fails to Protect
Children
Online
(3) Law Will Lead to Blocking of Access to Broad Range of Lawful
Content
___________________________________________

(1) Broad Group Challenges Utah Internet Censorship Law

Citing free speech violations, a broad group of Utah bookstores,
artistic and informational websites, Internet service providers and
national trade associations filed a federal lawsuit in Salt Lake City
today, challenging as unconstitutional a Utah law that was meant to
restrict children's access to material on the Internet but that will in
fact restrict adults' access to a wide range of lawful material.

In a complaint filed by attorneys from the Center for Democracy &
Technology and the ACLU of Utah, the plaintiffs challenged House Bill
260, which contains numerous provisions that infringe on the right of
Internet users to publish and receive wholly lawful content . Prior to
the law's passage and signing, CDT had warned leaders of the Utah
legislature and the Utah Governor that the bill had serious problems
and would likely face a constitutional challenge if enacted.

The lead plaintiff in the lawsuit is an independent bookstore in Salt
Lake City, The King's English Bookshop, which sells books through its
website in competition with national online book retailers. If the Utah
law is allowed to stand, the bookstore would face criminal charges for
advertising and selling a range of lawful books.

The June 9, 2005 complaint against H.B. 260 is available at
http://www.cdt.org/speech/utahwebblock/20050609hb260complaint.pdf

For a March 2005 analysis of the Utah law, see
http://www.cdt.org/speech/20050307cdtanalysis.pdf.
_____________________________________________

(2) Utah Law Suffers from Constitutional Defects and Fails to Protect
Children Online

One of the challenged sections of House Bill 260 makes it a crime to
make content that is "harmful to minors" available to minors over the
Internet. Because web sites have no practical way to prevent access to
web content by minors, the Utah law means that anyone who posts
adult-oriented content -- including educational materials on how to
avoid sexually-transmitted diseases and other highly valuable speech --
could face criminal charges in Utah.

This part of the bill is very similar to the federal Communications
Decency Act (CDA), which struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1997.
In that case, the Court declared that speech on the Internet deserves
the highest level of constitutional protection, and that the government
could not adopt rules for Internet web sites that would reduce all
content on the Internet to a level suitable for children.

The Supreme Court also concluded that the availability of filtering
software that parents could install was a "less restrictive"
alternative way to protect children online. As CDT has long argued,
such user-based filtering software is a far more effective way to
protect children online, and does so without interfering with adults'
right to access lawful content.

For more information on filtering software: http://www.GetNetWise.org
____________________________________________

(3) Law Will Lead to Blocking of Access to Broad Range of Lawful
Content

Other parts of the challenged Utah law are very similar to a
Pennsylvania statute that CDT successfully challenged in 2004. Like the
Pennsylvania law, the Utah law requires ISPs to block access to content
designated by the state Attorney General. The Utah law specifically
indicates that ISPs can use "IP Address blocking" to comply with the
law.

As shown in the Pennsylvania litigation, however, blocking the IP
(Internet Protocol) address of an undesirable website can block access
to a massive number of lawful web sites that innocently share the same
address. In the Pennsylvania case, CDT showed that, in an effort to
block access to fewer than 400 objectionable web sites, the ISPs ended
up blocking access to more than 1 million other unrelated -- and
perfectly legal -- sites.

The Utah law is in fact more problematic than the Pennsylvania law,
because the Utah law does not even require that a judge be involved in
the decision to block access to a web site. Under the challenged Utah
law, the state Attorney General can designate web sites for blocking,
with no oversight by any court.

The plaintiffs in the case have asked the U.S. District Court to
declare the Utah law unconstitutional and to enjoin its enforcement.

For information about the Pennsylvania case, see
http://www.cdt.org/speech/pennwebblock/.
____________________________________________

Detailed information about online civil liberties issues may be found
at http://www.cdt.org/.

This document may be redistributed freely in full or linked to
http://www.cdt.org/publications/policyposts/11/15 .

Excerpts may be re-posted with prior permission of ari@cdt.org

Policy Post 11.15 Copyright 2005 Center for Democracy and Technology


--
Michael Clark, Grassroots Webmaster
mclark@cdt.org
PGP Key available on keyservers

Center for Democracy and Technology
1634 Eye Street NW, Suite 1100
Washington, DC 20006
http://www.cdt.org/
voice: 202-637-9800
fax: 202-637-0968



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