A draft convention on human rights education



Dear colleagues,

Since developing a UN Convention on Human Rights Education is a subject of
discussions the human rights community during last months, we have
designed the draft Convention and propose it for your attention.

We wait for your suggestions on the text and hope that the result will be
in unique case of developing an international agreement by common efforts
of civil society, state authorities and international organizations.

Sincerely yours,

Evgeniya Pavlenko,
Roman Sinelnikov,
the Russian Federation

----------------------------------------------------------------------

PROJECT
submitted by Ms.Evgeniya Pavlenko and Mr.Roman Sinelnikov,
the Russian Federation
April 06, 2004, 8.00pm Moscow time


CONVENTION
on human rights education

The States Parties to the present Convention,

Reaffirming the importance of the observance of the purposes and principles
of the Charter of the United Nations for the promotion and protection of all
human rights and fundamental freedoms for all persons in all countries of
the world,

Recalling that, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United
Nations has proclaimed that education shall be directed to the full
development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms, shall promote understanding,
tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and
shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of
peace,

Stressing that the prime responsibility and duty to promote and protect
human rights and fundamental freedoms lie with the State,

Reiterating that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent
and interrelated,

Recognizing an equal importance of training and upbringing in the
educational process,

Bearing in mind the outcomes of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights
Education, 1995-2004,

Acknowledging the important role of international cooperation for, and the
valuable work of state bodies, public associations, individuals and their
groups in developing human rights education,

Have agreed as follows:


PART I


Article 1

1. Everyone has the right to know his rights, i.e., individually and in
association with others, to acquire knowledge, values, views, practical
skills and abilities in the field of observance both in law and in practice,
advocacy, implementation and promotion human rights and freedoms, by
studying, review, discussing issues of theory and practice of human rights
and freedoms, receiving and imparting relevant information, and requiring
from the state and international organizations to create proper conditions
for implementation of this right, as well as to claim its protection.

2. The States Parties to the present Convention recognize the right of
everyone to know his rights as manifestation of the freedom to seek, receive
and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers, as well as the freedom of association and the right to an
effective remedy, and, in its such capacity, undertakes to respect and to
ensure this right to all individuals within their territories and subjects
to their jurisdictions.

3. The States Parties to the present Convention recognize the right of
everyone to know his rights as manifestation of the right to human rights
education, and, in its such capacity, undertake to take steps, individually
and through international assistance and co-operation, to the maximum of its
available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full
realization of this right by all appropriate means, including particularly
the adoption of legislative measures.

4. The States Parties to the present Convention undertake to guarantee that
the right of everyone to know his rights will be exercised without
discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or
other status.



Article 2

The States Parties undertake to assist efforts of individuals, as well as
academic, educational and non-governmental organizations and mass media,
directed to implementing the right of everyone to know his rights, and will
encourage international cooperation in this field.


Article 3

In the exercise of the right to know his rights, everyone, acting
individually and in association with others, shall be subject only to such
limitations as are in accordance with applicable international obligations
and are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition
and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just
requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a
democratic society.


Article 4

1. The States Parties consider human rights education as training,
upbringing, dissemination and information efforts aimed at the building of a
universal culture of human rights through the imparting of knowledge and
skills and the moulding of attitudes and directed to:

(a) The strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms;

(b) The full development of the human personality and the sense of its
dignity;

(c) The promotion of forming a culture of peace, understanding, tolerance,
gender equality and friendship among all nations, indigenous peoples and
racial, national, ethnic, religious and linguistic groups;

(d) The enabling of all persons to participate effectively in a free
society;

(e) The furtherance of the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.

2. The States Parties confirm that human rights education shall be based on
the principle of universality, indivisibility, interdependency and
interrelationship of all human rights.


Article 5

1. The States Parties undertake to promote and facilitate human rights
education, based on holistic approach, at all levels of education and to
ensure that all those responsible for training lawyers, law enforcement
officers, the personnel of the armed forces and public officials as well as
staff of educational and public health systems, include appropriate elements
of human rights teaching in their training programme.

2. Each State Party to the present Convention undertakes to introduce at its
territory an obligatory expert examination of curricula, programmes, manuals
and other educational materials for all disciplines in the view of their
conformity with observance and implementation of human rights and
fundamental freedoms, and to establish a permanent body responsible for to
making such examination.

3. The States Parties recognize an importance of informal human rights
education and thereupon undertake to assist efforts of individuals, groups
and organizations on implementation and development of such education.


Article 6

1. The States Parties undertake to pay specific attention to observance and
implementation of human rights and fundamental freedoms in educational
institutions and will encourage establishment and development of independent
control mechanisms in this field.

2. The States Parties undertake to encourage establishment and development
of mechanisms for democratic governance and self-governance in educational
institutions.



Article 7

1. Each State Party to the present Convention undertakes to publish in all
languages having on its territory the status of state or official, or any
other special status, and provide widespread availability of national laws
and regulations and of applicable basic international human rights
instruments.

2. Each State Party to the present Convention undertakes to publish its
reports to the bodies established by the international human rights treaties
to which it is a party, appropriate concluding observations, as well as
decisions made on state or individual communications/complaints against this
State, in reasonable time, in all languages having on its territory the
status of state or official, or any other special status, and in the same
order which is established for publishing the national laws of this State
concerning human rights. In case of presenting an alternative report to the
appropriate body, such report should be published in the similar order.

3. Each State Party to the present Convention undertakes to publish other
information and recommendation documents and statements on human rights
concerning or applicable to this State and issued by international
organizations to which it is a party, including on situation of human rights
on its territory and on human rights education, in all languages having on
its territory the status of state or official, or any other special status,
and in reasonable time.

4. Each State Party to the present Convention will provide publishing
decisions made on state or individual communications/complaints by the
bodies established by the international human rights treaties to which it is
a party, in all languages having on its territory the status of state or
official, or any other special status, for officials of judicial system,
advocates and researches.


Article 8

1. Each State Party to the present Convention undertakes to establish and
maintain the national database containing the texts of applicable national
and international documents on human rights, in all languages having on its
territory the status of state or official, or any other special status, and
available through the Internet on free and constant basis.

2. Each State Party to the present Convention undertakes to establish and
maintain the national database available through the Internet on free and
constant basis and containing public information about organizations and
individuals acting for implementation of the right of everyone to know his
rights and of human rights education.


Article 9

1. The States Parties recognize diversity of approaches to human rights and
their constant development, as well as interdisciplinary nature of human
rights. They undertake to encourage academic researches, establishment of
academic and pedagogical associations in the field of human rights,
including at the international level, and to assist establishing academic
degrees in this field.

2. The States Parties will encourage establishing human rights libraries and
centres in universities and will provide them with appropriate national and
international documents on free basis.


Article 10

Nothing in the present Convention may be construed as implying for any
State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any
act impairing human rights and freedoms or contradicting the purposes and
principles of the Charter of the United Nations.


PART II


Article 11

1. For the purpose of examining the progress made by States Parties in
achieving the realization of the obligations undertaken in the present
Convention, there shall be established a Committee on Human Rights
Education, which shall carry out the functions hereinafter provided.

2. The Committee shall consist of ten experts of high moral standing and
recognized competence in the field covered by this Convention. The members
of the Committee shall be elected by States Parties from among their
nationals and shall serve in their personal capacity, consideration being
given to equitable geographical distribution.

3. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from a
list of persons nominated by States Parties. Each State Party may nominate
one person from among its own nationals.

4. The initial election to the Committee shall be held no later than six
months after the date of the entry into force of the present Convention and
thereafter every second year. At least four months before the date of each
election, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a letter
to States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations within two
months. The Secretary-General shall subsequently prepare a list in
alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating States Parties
which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties to the
present Convention.

5. The elections shall be held at meetings of States Parties convened by the
Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters. At those meetings, for
which two thirds of States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons
elected to the Committee shall be those who obtain the largest number of
votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States
Parties present and voting.

6. The members of the Committee shall be elected for a term of four years.
They shall be eligible for re-election if renominated. The term of five of
the members elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two
years; immediately after the first election, the names of these five members
shall be chosen by lot by the Chairman of the meeting.

7. If a member of the Committee dies or resigns or declares that for any
other cause he or she can no longer perform the duties of the Committee, the
State Party which nominated the member shall appoint another expert from
among its nationals to serve for the remainder of the term, subject to the
approval of the Committee.

8. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure.

9. The Committee shall elect its officers for a period of two years.

10. The meetings of the Committee shall normally be held at United Nations
Headquarters or at any other convenient place as determined by the
Committee. The Committee shall normally meet annually. The duration of the
meetings of the Committee shall be determined, and reviewed, if necessary,
by a meeting of the States Parties to the present Convention, subject to the
approval of the General Assembly.

11. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary
staff and facilities for the effective performance of the functions of the
Committee under the present Convention.

12. With the approval of the General Assembly, the members of the Committee
established under the present Convention shall receive emoluments from
United Nations resources on such terms and conditions as the Assembly may
decide.


Article 12

1. States Parties undertake to submit to the Committee, through the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, reports on the measures they have
adopted which give effect to the rights recognized herein and on the
progress made on the enjoyment of those rights:

(a) Within two years of the entry into force of the Convention for the State
Party concerned;

(b) Thereafter every four years.

2. Reports made under the present article shall indicate factors and
difficulties, if any, affecting the degree of fulfilment of the obligations
under the present Convention. Reports shall also contain sufficient
information to provide the Committee with a comprehensive understanding of
the implementation of the Convention in the country concerned.

3. A State Party which has submitted a comprehensive initial report to the
Committee need not, in its subsequent reports submitted in accordance with
paragraph 1 (b) of the present article, repeat basic information previously
provided.

4. The Committee may request from States Parties further information
relevant to the implementation of the Convention.

5. Reports on activities of the Committee are submitted to the General
Assembly annually.


Article 13

In order to foster the effective implementation of the Convention and to
encourage international co-operation in the field covered by the Convention:

(a) The specialized agencies, UNESCO, and other United Nations organs shall
be entitled to be represented at the consideration of the implementation of
such provisions of the present Convention as fall within the scope of their
mandate. The Committee may invite the specialized agencies, UNESCO and other
competent bodies as it may consider appropriate to provide expert advice on
the implementation of the Convention in areas falling within the scope of
their respective mandates. The Committee may invite the specialized
agencies, UNESCO, and other United Nations organs to submit reports on the
implementation of the Convention in areas falling within the scope of their
activities;

(b) The Committee shall transmit, as it may consider appropriate, to the
specialized agencies, UNESCO and other competent bodies, any reports from
States Parties that contain a request, or indicate a need, for technical
advice or assistance, along with the Committee's observations and
suggestions, if any, on these requests or indications;

(c) The Committee may recommend to the General Assembly to request the
Secretary-General to undertake on its behalf studies on specific issues
relating to the right of everyone to know his rights and to human rights
education;

(d) The Committee may make suggestions and general recommendations based on
information received pursuant to articles 12 and 13 of the present
Convention. Such suggestions and general recommendations shall be
transmitted to any State Party concerned and reported to the General
Assembly, together with comments, if any, from States Parties.


PART III


Article 14

The present Convention shall be open for signature by all States.


Article 15

The present Convention is subject to ratification. Instruments of
ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United
Nations.


Article 16

The present Convention shall remain open for accession by any State. The
instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of
the United Nations.


Article 17

1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day
following the date of deposit with the Secretary-General of the United
Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.

2. For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit
of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention
shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the deposit by such State
of its instrument of ratification or accession.


Article 18

1. Any State Party may propose an amendment and file it with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall
thereupon communicate the proposed amendment to States Parties, with a
request that they indicate whether they favour a conference of States
Parties for the purpose of considering and voting upon the proposals. In the
event that, within four months from the date of such communication, at least
one third of the States Parties favour such a conference, the
Secretary-General shall convene the conference under the auspices of the
United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of States Parties
present and voting at the conference shall be submitted to the General
Assembly for approval.

2. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of the present
article shall enter into force when it has been approved by the General
Assembly of the United Nations and accepted by a two-thirds majority of
States Parties.

3. When an amendment enters into force, it shall be binding on those States
Parties which have accepted it, other States Parties still being bound by
the provisions of the present Convention and any earlier amendments which
they have accepted.


Article 19

1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall receive and circulate
to all States the text of reservations made by States at the time of
ratification or accession.

2. A reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of the present
Convention shall not be permitted.

3. Reservations may be withdrawn at any time by notification to that effect
addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall then
inform all States. Such notification shall take effect on the date on which
it is received by the Secretary-General.


Article 20

A State Party may denounce the present Convention by written notification to
the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Denunciation becomes effective
one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the
Secretary-General.


Article 21

The Secretary-General of the United Nations is designated as the depositary
of the present Convention.


Article 22

The original of the present Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese,
English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be
deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

IN WITNESS THEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized
thereto by their respective governments, have signed the present Convention.




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